From Newsgroup: comp.sys.apple2

the prodos commands and the rest.

Big U's COMMAND Programs
Each Big U Command .program gives you at least one new ProDOS command.
All commands are loaded or "installed" by typing a hyphen ("-")
followed by the file name. The new commands may then be used just like
regular ProDOS commands--from immediate mode (the keyboard) or from
deferred mode (within a program) preceded by PRINT CHR$(4).

WARNING: LOAD ONLY ONCE!
Never load (or "install") the same command more than once. Not only
will you waste memory, but ProDOS might hang up in an endless loop
which can only be broken by rebooting. Type "-BASIC.SYSTEM" to start
over and get rid of extra commands.

COMMAND SYNTAX
Items in [square brackets] are optional. Items in UPPER CASE must be
typed as shown. Items in lower case are parameters supplied by you.

ANYCAT
Install only once: Type "-ANYCAT"
New command: ANYCAT
Function: Catalogs DOS 3.3 disks under ProDOS control.
Syntax: ANYCAT [,S slot] [,D drive]
Comments: DOS 3.3 deleted files will be displayed as file type "D". An
inverse character will appear to the far right of each deleted file
name. When the catalog pauses, press Esc to exit, or any other key to
see more files.
If a ProDOS disk is present, the normal "CAT" command will take over.
If a prefix is set, it will be used instead of the slot and drive.
Example: Type "ANYCAT,S6,D2" to catalog the DOS 3.3 disk in slot 6,
drive 2. If a ProDOS disk is there, a "CAT" command will be executed.

COPY and COPY.1
Install only once: Type "-COPY" or "-COPY.1" Use COPY.] if you only
have one drive. New command: COPY
Function: Copies files from disk to disk.
Syntax: COPY pathnamel, pathname2
Comments: "pathnamel" is the file to be copied, and "pathname2" is the
file to be created. "pathname2" cannot be an existing file.
COPY.1's COPY requires 2 full pathnames (both starting with "/").
COPY's COPY, however, will substitute the current prefix if you don't
supply it (see last example on this page).
Directory (DIR) files cannot be copied.
You cannot COPY between disks with the same name. You may, however,
quickly rename disks by typing a command like "RENAME /DISKA,/DISKB".
Examples:
Type "COPY /BIG.U/COPY, /MYDISK/COPY" to copy COPY onto your disk.
Type "COPY FILE, FILE.A" to make a backup copy of a file on the same
disk.
In programs, you may use strings as pathnames:
10 PRINT CHR$(4);"COPY";A$:",";B$
With COPY (not COPY.1), you may take advantage of the current prefix.
For example, there are two ways to copy TEST from /DISKA to /DISKB:
1. Type "COPY /DISKA/TEST, /DISKB/TEST".
2. Or type "PREFIX, D2" (DISKB's location),
Then type "COPY /DISKA/TEST, TEST".

DUMP
Compatibility: See Comments below.
Install only once: Type "-DUMP"
New command: DUMP
Function: Type "DUMP" to print the entire text screen to a slot 1
printer. DUMP determines whether 40 or 80 columns are being viewed,
and prints accordingly. Press Esc to stop early.
Comments: DUMP is compatible with Apple IIc's and most 80-column
IIe's. Use the DUMP.40 program (page 39) if you don't have an
80-column display, or use DUMP.80 if your 80-column card doesn't work
with the DUMP command. See page 39 if you get blank lines in your
80-column dumps. DUMP won't let you crop or print graphics. Use Beagle
Bros' Triple-Dump disk instead.
Example: Type "CAT" in 40 or 80 columns. Then type
"DUMP" to send the screen to the printer.

EST (ProDos 1.1.1 only)
Install only once: Type "-EST".
New commands: ERASE, SPACE and TIME
Type "ERASE" to effectively erase the Applesoft program in memory
(RENEW should restore it), reset all Applesoft pointers and the ProDOS
bit map, turn off 80 columns and execute NORMAL, TEXT and SPEED=255.
ProDOS commands added after EST was installed will be lost when you
type "ERASE". ERASE is similar to 3.3's FP command.
Type "SPACE" to show the disk volume name and free space for the disk
in the last drive accessed. Do not use this command from inside a
program.
Type "TIME" to display the time and date stored in memory. This
command cannot change the values; to do that, use the DATE.SET program
(page 63). If your Apple has a clock, you can use TIME in a program
like this:

10 VTAB 1: HTAB 24: PRINT CHR$(4); "TIME": GOTO 10

HEX
Install only once: Type "-HEX".
New commands and functions:
XC: Hex/dec/bin converter (page 50)
XD: Memory disassembler (page 50)
XP: Register and flag displayer (page 51)
XS: Hex/Ascii memory scanner (page 51)
Comments: Any leading "X" is considered to be a command when entered
from the keyboard, so type a colon before defining variables that
start with X (not necessary from within programs). For example, with
HEX installed, if you type "X=5", you'll get a ProDOS "Syntax Error"
message. Typing ":X=5" will works normally.

HEX.H (ProDos 1.1.1 only)
HEX.H is the same as HEX (above), but it "hides" inside BASIC.SYSTEM
from $BB4C.BC79 so that no programming memory is used.
HEX.H may be added to BASIC.SYSTEM so that it is installed when you
boot, at no cost in memory:
1. Boot a backup copy of the Big U disk.
2. Type "-HEX.H" to install HEX.H.
3. Type "CALL -151" to enter the monitor.
4. Type "BLOAD BASIC.SYSTEM,TSYS,A$2000".
5. Type "454C<BB4C.BC79M" to move HEX.H into BASIC.SYSTEM.
6. Type "4707: 50 BB" to point the external command to HEX.H.
6. Type "BSAVE BASIC.SYSTEM,TSYS,A$2000".
7. Reboot and try some HEX commands.
Negative numbers will not be shown in the result when XC (next page)
is used with HEX.H, although negative numbers may still be entered.

XC (HEX command 1 of 4)
Function: Convert a number to hexadecimal, binary, decimal and
negative decimal. Syntax: XC [,E number]
Comments: "number" is any decimal number from 0 to 65535, any hex "$"
number from $0 to $FFFF, or any negative decimal number from -1 to
-32768. Typing "XC" without a number will repeat the last number
converted. HEX.H's XC will not convert to negative decimal.
Example: Type "XC,E-151" to convert -151 to hex, binary, decimal and
negative decimal. The same result would be achieved by typing
"XC,E$FF69" or "XC,E65385".

XQ (HEX command 2 of 4)
Function: Disassemble memory. This is an enhanced version of the
monitor List command. Syntax: XD [,E address] [,L lines]
Comments: "address" is the decimal or hex location where you want to
start disassembly. "lines" determines how many lines (1-255) will be disassembled. Because a line can contain 1 to 3 three bytes, the
actual amount of memory disassembled will vary. If you specify a large
number of lines, you can pause the listing by pressing Control-S. Any
key continues. Typing "XD" will repeat the last disassembly.
Example: Type "XD,E$FBD9,L11" to see the speaker beep code. Continue
viewing 11-line segments of memory by typing "XD,E address" only.
Free Tip: To print a machine language listing, preview it on the
screen using the XD command. When you see what you like, type "PR#1"
and then "XD" to repeat the listing on your printer.

XP (HEX command 3 of 4)
Function: Display the 6502 registers and flags. Syntax: XP . Example:
Type "XP". The screen will show:
A=04 X=8C Y=00 P=2B S=98
NV-BDIZC
P=00101011
Comments: AA and Y are registers; P is the processor status register
and S is the stack pointer. The processor is repeated in binary. Its
flags from left (bit 7) to right (bit 0) are: N (negative), V
(overflow), "-" (unused), B (break), D (decimal), I (interrupt), Z
(zero), and C (carry). Bits are considered set if 1, or clear if zero.
For example, a BCS (Branch on Carry Set) instruction would branch if a
"1" appears under the "C".
The register values are taken from the storage area at $45.$49. To see
what flags are set when P=9, just type "POKE 72,9" followed by "XP";
or type "CALL -151" followed by "48:9" and "XP".

XS (HEX command 4 of 4)
Function: Scan memory in hex and ASCII. Syntax: XS [,E address] [,L
lines]
Comments: "address" is the starting address of memory, and "lines" is
the number of lines displayed (independent of the bytes per line).
XS displays 8 bytes per line on a 40-column screen, and 16 bytes per
line in 80 columns.
"XS" with no parameters repeats the last scan.
Example: Type "XS,E$B878,L20" to see the ProDOS command table. Typing
"XS,E address" will then continue to show 20-line segments of memory.

MON (ProDos 1.1.1 only)
Install only once: Tpe "-MON"
New commands: MON and NOMON
Function: Turn ProDOS monitoring on and off
(similar to 3.3's MON and NOMON commands).
The MON command will echo the following ProDOS commands to the screen:
CREATE, OPEN, READ, WRITE, CLOSE, FLUSH and DELETE. For text files,
data being input after a READ or printed after a WRITE will also be
shown on the screen.

CREATE, DELETE and OPEN will show the pathnames involved. The others
will give the pathnames for the first two open files, and open files
from 3 to 8 will be referenced by number.

Syntax: MON [,R rate] Syntax: NOMON "rate" is either 0 (zero) or 1.
Use zero for continuous operation and 1 for single-step (press a key
to continue). If NOMON has been used, typing "MON" will return to
monitoring with the same "rate" setting used previously.
Examples:
Type "MON". Now type an illegal command like "CATS" to see ProDOS's
"Close All", "Flush All" and "Syntax Error" messages.
Type "MON,R1" followed by "CAT" to single-step through a catalog
listing. Type "MON,RO" to return to continuous MONitored operation. .
Type "NOMON" to turn off monitoring.
IMPORTANT: Turn MON off, reboot or type "BYE" before using a SYS
program like Apple's FILER.
Why? Because MON intercepts MLI calls at $BFOO in the ProDOS global
page. The original addresses are reset by NOMON, and by MON when "BYE"
is used.

ONLINE
Install only once: Type "-ONLINE"
New command: ONLINE
Function: Lists the current ProDOS volume names for each of your
drives. If slot and drive are specified, only that drive is checked.
Syntax: ONLINE [,S slot] [,D drive]
Examples:
Type "ONLINE" to display volume names for all drives. Or type
"ONLINE,S6,D2" to display the volume name for slot 6, drive 2 only.

SEE
Install only once: Type "-SEE"
New command: SEE
Function: Lets you view any program on a disk without loading it.
SEE will print text (TXT) files as well as Applesoft program (BAS)
files. Other file types may be dumped too, but not as effectively.
Syntax: SEE pathname [,S slot] [,D drive]
Comments: "pathname" is any filename. Press any key to pause a
listing, followed by Esc to exit, or any other key to continue.
Examples: Type "SEE/BIG.U/STARTUP" to display Big U's Applesoft (BAS)
startup program.
You can use SEE in a program (Esc to quit):
10 PRINT CHR$(4)"SEE PRODOS,S6,D1"
PRODOS is a binary (SYS) file. Text (TXT) files look better, but there
are none on the Big U disk.

SHOW
Install only once: Type "-SHOW"
New command: SHOW
Function: Load a normal hi-res image from disk and/or reveal the
hi-res screen without clearing it.
For double hi-res, use SHOW.WIPE (next page).
Syntax: SHOW [pathname] [,A page] [,F format] [,S slot] [,D drive]
"pathname" is the name of a picture to see.
"page" is a number: 1=page 1, 2=page 2
"format" is a number: 0=full graphics, 1=mixed graphics and text. If
no format value is given, 0 is assumed.
Examples:
Run the file called "RANDY.BRANDT" to see a demo of how SHOW can be
used.
Type "SHOW,A1" to reveal all of hi-res page 1 without erasing it
(works like HGR, but doesn't erase and doesn't include four text
lines).
Type "SHOW" to reveal the last screen accessed (full graphics, no
text).
Type "SHOW PIC,A2" to load a hi-res picture named "PIC" to page 2 and
reveal it.

SHOW.WIPE (128k required)
Install only once: Type "-SHOW.WIPE"
New commands: SHOW and WIPE

SHOW (SHOW.WIPE command 1 of 2)
Function: Loads a single or double hi-res image from disk and/or
reveals the normal or double hi-res screen without clearing. SHOW
works only with Beagle Graphics' two-file picture format.
Syntax: Same as on previous page, except a third "page" parameter is
allowed: 1=hi-res page 1, 2=hi-res page 2, 3=double hi-res.
For double hi-res picture names, SHOW expects the second file to end
in ".AUX".
Examples: Type "SHOW DOUBLE,A3" to load the files "DOUBLE" and
"DOUBLE.AUX" and display them as one double hi-res picture. Or simply
type "SHOW,A3" to reveal the double hi-res screen.

WIPE (SHOW.WIPE command 2 of 2)
Function: Reformats (erases) the ProDOS RAM disk.
Syntax: WIPE [,A3]
Comments: "WIPE" reformats /RAM. "WIPE,A3" does the same, but also
saves hi-res page 1 in a /RAM file called "DHGR.AUX", thus protecting
double hi-res graphics memory from being overwritten. It also protects
future /RAM files from being overwritten by double hi-res graphics.
Examples:
Type "WIPE" to erase all /RAM files. Type "CAT/RAM" to see the blank
directory.
Load a normal hi-res picture to page 1. Now type "SHOW,A3" followed by "WIPE,A3".

XLISTER
Install only once: Type "-XLISTER"
New command: XLIST
Function: Displays Applesoft programs in improved list format. Each
statement is listed on a new line. For-Next loops are indented, and
statements following IF'S are marked with a "*". See the sample
printout on the next page.
Syntax: XLIST [*] [line number or range]
Specify single lines or ranges just like in Applesoft's LIST command.
Because XLIST is a ProDOS command, it can be entered in lower case
(and even be used from the monitor!).
Type "XLIST*" to list to a printer in slot 1. With printer listings,
you get page breaks and page numbers. If your program starts with a
REM statement, that statement will appear as a header at the top of
each page. If you're using ProDOS 1.1.1, XLISTER will automatically
print the date and time in each header.
Examples: Type "XLIST -100" to display lines 0-100 on the screen. Or
type "XLIST* 10,20" to send lines 10 through 20 to your printer.
In the example program below-You can type "RUN" to RUN it. You can
type "RUN2' to SAVE it. You can type "RUN1" to XLIST it to printer.
Each page of the printer listing will have line 0's REM printed on the
top. To print only part of the program, add the line range to line 1.
0 GOTO 3: REM SAMPLE
1 PRINT CHR$(4);"XLIST*" : END
2 PRINT CHR$(4);"SAVE SAMPLE": END
3 REM PROGRAM STARTS HERE
Sample Program XLISTing:
10 REM CUSTOM.LIST.DEMO
15 HGR
:HOME
:PRINT CHR$(21)
:VTAB 22
:NORMAL
20 FOR X=0 TO 279
POKE 228,99+X/99
HPLOT 0,0 TO X,159
IF X<160 THEN GOSUB 90
* : HPLOT 0 ,0 TO 279,X
* :GOTO 30
25 GOSUB 1
30 NEXT
:HTAB 1
:PRINT "DONE"'
:CALL -868
:END
90 VTAB 22
:HTAB 1
:PRINT "DRAWING: ";X;
:RETURN
100 :HTAB 1
:PRINT "ALMOST DONE: ";
X;
:RETURN

FOR PRINTER EXPERTS ONLY
XLISTER contains eight printer enhancement bytes which may be used to
turn on printer options such as compressed, bold, etc. Here's how to
use them:
1. Type "BLOAD XLISTER".
2. Get out your printer manual and look up the hex codes for the
desired printer options.
3. Type "CALL-151" to enter the monitor.
4. Type "4599:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00", replacing the 00's with the
proper codes.
5. Type "CALL 16384" to install the modified XLISTER, or type "BSAVE
XLISTER" to make the changes permanent.

Big U's UTILITY Programs

BEEPERWORKS Requires Appleworks
This program is for AppleWorks users only (versions 1.1 or 1.2). Even
though we don't get paid to endorse AppleWorks, we'll let it be known
that we use it for all of our word-processing needs. Its error beep,
however, can get just a little annoying, especially when you make as
many errors as we do. Thanks to BEEPERWORKS, your ears can at least
get a little variety.

USING BEEPERWORKS
1. Type "-BEEPERWORKS" and a familiar screen will appear. Insert a
working copy of your AppleWorks Startup disk (not the Program disk),
and follow the instructions on the screen. If you can use AppleWorks,
you can use this program.
2. Select option 2 from the main menu. The Beep Change Menu will be
displayed, with values for the beep's pitch, duration and pause. Three
sets of these values are shown; the current values, the boot-up values
(stored on your disk), and AppleWorks' original values.
3. Do some experimenting, and pick the beep you like. We like the
pitch at 20, the duration at 180, and the pause at 50. Pick your own
beep.
4. When you're done, use the main menu save option to make your new
beep a "permanent" part of AppleWorks.
Hats off to AppleWorks for being unprotected!

BIGLINER
BIGLINER is used to give your Applesoft programs "illegal" program
lines numbered 65535. This prevents the average human from deleting or otherwise messing with those program lines, unless of course, he or
she has a copy of BIGLINER! Line 65535 is commonly used to store
Copyright notices in Rem statements.
For some reason, Applesoft does not allow line numbers higher than
63999. Therefore, line 65535 cannot be deleted. No Goto's, Then's or
Gosub's can access it either, but the program will work normally
otherwise.

USING BIGLINER
Load a backup copy of an Applesoft program and try the following
steps:
1. Type "-BIGLINER". You will see a menu offering you four choices,
followed by a listing of the highest legally-numbered line (if there
is one).
2. Press "L" to list the entire Applesoft program. Pause with
Control-S, or quit with Control-C.
3. Press "R" to raise the listed line number to number 65535. The
highest legal line listed will be replaced.
4. Press "L" to list the program. The last line listed will now be
65535.
5. Press "C" to change the first line 65535 to 63000. If line 63000 is
present in the program, the next available line number will be used.
BIGLINER only changes the line numbers themselves; it doesn't check to
see if the line is referenced by another statement.
6. To quit, press "Q".

CAT.DATER (ProDos 1.1.1 only)
This is a small Applesoft program that makes the current ProDOS date
and time appear following the directory name at the top of each
catalog. If you don't have a clock/calendar in your Apple, use the
DATE.SET program (page 63) to set the date first.
USING CAT.DATER Type "-CAT.DATER". Then type "CAT" or "CATALOG" to see
the date in your catalog.
TECHNICAL NOTES: CAT.DATER is relocatable, so its address (variable AD
in line 10) may be changed if you want to use page 3 of memory for
other purposes. The existing setting allows it to be compatible with
the CAT.FIXER (next page) and CAT.STEPPER (below).

CAT.STEPPER (ProDos 1.1.1 only)
This program modifies the catalog routine so that you can "step"
through a directory one or more files at a time.
USING CAT.STEPPER
Type "-CAT.STEPPER" to install the routine. Now your catalogs will
pause every 19 files, about one screenful. Press the space bar to step
one file at a time, or any other key to continue. Control-C exits the
catalog, as usual.
ADJUSTING CAT.STEPPER
You may adjust the number of file names between pauses by Poking a
number into location 838. For example, typing "POKE 838,5" would pause
every 5 file names.

CAT.FIXER (ProDos 1.1.1 only)
This program lets you enhance the functions of the "CATALOG" and "CAT" commands. The "Multiple File" options are handy for printer printouts
of catalogs in multiple columns.
USING CAT.FIXER Type "-CAT.FIXER" to get the program going. For
reference, we have added letters A through G to the screen below:
CAT.FIXER CHOICES
CAT COMMAND CATALOG COMMAND ------------------ ----------------------
NORMAL CAT A NORMAL CATALOG
SMART 40/80 B AUTO 80-COLUMN
MULTIPLE FILES C AUTO 80-COLUMN
MULTIPLE FILES D NORMAL CATALOG

USE CURSOR KEYS AND RETURN FOR SELECT
OPTIONS FOR MULTIPLE FILES CAT
40-COLUMN SCREEN 80-COLUMN SCREEN ---------------- -------------------- NORMAL CAT E TWO FILES/LINE
TW0 FILES/LINE F FOUR FILES/LINE COMPLETE MESS G FIVE FILES/LINE

CAT/CATALOG OPTIONS (top half of screen):
Use the arrow keys to move the flashing pointer to the set of options
(A, B, C or D) that you want. (If your Apple can't display 80-columns,
only options A and D are appropriate.):
A: CAT acts normal.
CATALOG acts normal.
B: CAT acts like CATALOG if 80-columns visible.
CATALOG auto-switches to 80-column screen.
C: CAT makes multiple-columns.
CATALOG auto-switches to 80-column screen.
D: CAT makes multiple-columns.
CATALOG acts normal.
Press Return to select option A, B, C or D. If you select option A or
B, skip to step 3. Selecting options C and D will move the pointer
down to the bottom half of the screen. Press Esc to exit the program.
2. MULTIPLE-FILE OPTIONS (bottom half of screen):
The options on the lower half of the screen apply to the CAT command
only. Use the arrow keys to move the pointer to the set of options (E,
F or G) that you want:
E: 40-columns: normal CAT.
80-columns: 2 file names per line.
F: 40-columns: 2 file names per line.
80-columns: 4 file names per line.
G: 40-columns: Unreadable
80-columns: S file names per line.
Press Return to select option E, F or G; or press Esc to go back to
options A, B, C and D.
3. DEMO: Press "D" to test your new CAT or CATALOG display. Or press
Esc to skip the demo. Press Esc once more to quit the program.

NORMALIZING CAT AND CATALOG
CAT.FIXER alters ProDOS's Catalog function in memory. To get things
back to normal, type "-CAT.FIXER" and select option A. Or reboot, or
type "-BASIC.SYSTEM".

DATE.SET (ProDos 1.1.1 only)
If you don't have a clock/calendar for your Apple, use this program to
set the date and time which will appear next to your saved file names
(instead of "<NO DATE>").
USING DATE.SET
1. Type "-DATE.SET" to load the program.
2. Type "CALL 20000" to run it.
When you CALL 20000, the current date and time in memory will be
displayed. If no valid date is present, the date stored in DATE.SET
itself will appear.
CHANGING THE VALUES Press the Left and Right Arrow keys to highlight
the day, month, year, hours or minutes. Then press the Up and Down
Arrows (or A and Z) to increase or decrease each one. (A "<NO DATE"
option lies between December and January.) When you're satisfied,
press Return. Or press Esc to exit with the original values restored.
A DATE.SET BOOT-UP PROGRAM:
Here is a sample time-set program that you could save under the name
"STARTUP" so it will run each time you boot a particular disk:

10 D$=CHR$ (4): HOME: DS=20000: REM DS = DATE.SET ADDRESS
20 PRINT D$"-DATE.SET": CALL DS: REM GET DATE AND USER RESPONSE
30 IF PEEK(DS-1)<>0 THEN PRINT D$"BSAVE DATE.SET"
40 REM CONTINUE WITH PROGRAM

Line 30 in the program above saves DATE.SET with the new date if a
change has occurred. With this program on your boot disk, the last
boot date will always be given as the default value.
In case you're interested, DATE.SET stores a zero in byte 19999 if the
user exits with a date identical to the one stored in DATE.SET.

DISK.COPY.MORE
DISK.COPY.MORE is a program which modifies Extra K's DISK.COPY program
to work with 38-track (instead of normal 35track) disks (see pages 29
and 31). If you don't have Extra K, go buy it. We'll wait here.

USING DISK.COPY.MORE
Type "-DISK.COPY.MORE" to run the program. When prompted, insert the
Extra K disk and press Return. If you only have one 38 track drive,
you must use a one-drive copy and do some disk swapping. To make
things easier, put DISK.COPY.MORE and DISK.COPY on a 38-track disk
along with a 304-block version of ProDOS (page 31).
CHANGING DISK.COPY.MORE FOR 40 TRACKS
If you have a special 40-track drive, here's how to upgrade
DISK.COPY.MORE to work with it:

1. Type "BLOAD DISK.COPY.MORE".
2. Type "CALL -151".
3. Type "404A: 28" (Hex for 40).
4. Type "40A9: 34 30" (ASCII for 40).
5. Type "BSAVE DISK.COPY.MORE".
If you want, you can look up your own hex and Ascii values for 39 or
8-track drives and plug them in.

ERROR.EDITOR
Type "-ERROR.EDITOR" to change any of ProDOS's 19 error messages. The
standard error messages will be displayed on the left half of the
screen. The right side will show "-SAME-" if the message has not been
changed.

CHANGING ERROR MESSAGES
1. Press "E" to begin editing. The center message will be highlighted
by an inverse bar.
2. Use the arrow keys to move to the message you wish to change. Then
press Return.
3. Type your new message. You may use letters of the alphabet (except
J, Q & Z); and the characters "/", "(", ")", ".", and ":". Press Esc
if you don't want to change the message, or press Return when you're
done.
4. Select another message to edit if you want, or press Esc to leave
edit mode.
The words at the bottom of the screen tells you:
LENGTH of your new message as you type it (20 characters maximum).
AVAILABLE NIBBLES for your message. A nibble is half a byte. Some
characters count as one nibble, and some count as two. A click will be
heard whenever a two-nibble character is entered or deleted. Your
message is limited to the available nibbles or 20 characters maximum.
ALTERED is the number of messages changed so far.
UPDATING BASIC.SYSTEM If you quit ERROR.EDITOR, your new error
messages will be in effect until you reboot. (Test them with an
illegal command or two.) If you want the new messages to be in effect
every time you boot, you will need to update BASIC.SYSTEM on your
boot-up disk:

1. Press "U" to update ProDOS's BASIC.SYSTEM file. You will be asked
"UPDATE DISK IN DRIVE 1? (Y/D)".
2. Press "Y" to update BASIC.SYSTEM in the main directory of slot 6,
drive 1. Or press "D" to toggle between drives 1 and 2. Press any
other key to skip updating. Note: If you have renamed BASIC.SYSTEM,
change the variable S$ in line 5.

RESTORING ORIGINAL ERROR MESSAGES
Press "N" from the editor menu to normalize the messages in memory.
Then press "U" to normalize the messages on disk.
EXITING Leave the editor by pressing "Q" for Quit. Type "RUN" to
restart the program with your altered error messages intact.

ABOUT TESTING ERROR MESSAGES
To test ProDOS's "Syntax Error" messages, type something illegal like
"CAT3". Typing something illegal like "COTALOG" will give you
Applesoft's "?Syntax Error" message instead. You can't change this
message, unless you buy a copy of our Beagle Basic disk.
RAM.SAVE 128K required
RAM.SAVE will copy all of your current RAM disk files onto a floppy
disk in seconds, providing "permanent" storage for them. RAM.LOAD
(next page) will load the files back into /RAM.

USING RAM.SAVE
1. Save a few files on /RAM in slot 3, drive 2.
2. Type "-RAM.SAVE".
3. Insert an erasable formatted disk into slot 6, drive 1 (or the
drive you are set up for--see page 69). Warning: All previous files on
the flopav will be erased.
4. Press Return. All of the /RAM files will be copied onto the floppy
disk. Until you reformat it, this disk will not hold more than 119
blocks (about half of normal).
5. Catalog the floppy. It is now called "/RAM", and contains the same
files as the original /RAM in slot 3, drive 2.

WHAT'S A RAM DISK ANYWAY?
A phantom disk named "/RAM" lives in imaginary slot 3, drive 2 of 128K
Apples with ProDOS. It has the advantage of letting you load and save
files into memory at lightning speed. The problem is, RAM disk files
disappear when the power goes off.
The RAM disk works just like any disk, except it is fast and only
holds 119 blocks-worth of files. To test your RAM disk:
1. Load a program.
2. Type "SAVE /RAM/FILENAME".
3. Type "CAT/RAM" or "CAT,S3,D2".
4. Or type "PREFIX/RAM" followed by "CAT".
Get the picture? If not, you probably don't have 128K or you're not
working with ProDOS.

RAM.LOAD
RAM.LOAD loads files into /RAM from a floppy disk created by RAM.SAVE
(previous page).
USING RAM.LOAD
1. Type "-RAM.LOAD".
2. When prompted, insert your special floppy disk that was created
with RAM.SAVE. Warning: use only special /RAM disks created by
RAM.SAVE or semi-disaster will surely result!
3. Press Return to load all of the special floppy's files into /RAM.
FLOPPY /RAM NOTE You may add to or delete files from the /RAM floppy
as long as the floppy was created by RAM.SAVE.

RAM.SETUP
This program lets you configure the RAM.SAVE and RAM.LOAD programs for
the following two characteristics:
I. The slot and drive that files will be copied to and from.
2. Whether or not you want the program to pause and prompt you to
insert a disk. The pause option prompts you to insert the /RAM floppy
and press Return before file copying begins. The no-pause option
immediately begins reading and writing data. Use the nopause option
only if RAM.LOAD will be used on the /RAM floppy. Then you can insert
it, type "-RAM.LOAD" and everything else will be automatic.
USING RAM.SETUP
1. Type "-RAM.SETUP".
2. Follow the instructions on the screen.

RENAMING TIP
You may want to rename RAM.LOAD and RAM.SAVE to reflect the slot and
drive selected. For example, RAM.SAVE.S6.D2 could be the version that
works with drive 2. To do this, insert your own diskette before saving
the configured program. After it's saved, type "RENAME RAM.SAVE, RAM.SAVE.S6.D2".

RENEW
RENEW is a short routine for restoring Applesoft programs which have
been zapped by a "NEW" command. Type "-RENEW immediately after "NEW"
has been typed. If it works, hooray! If not, retype your program.

RUN.COUNTER
This program will print the date your Applesoft program was last Run
and the number of times it has ever been Run, each time it is Run. You
need to append your program to ours. Here's how you do it:
1. Type "-APPENDER" (unless the APPENDER program is already in
memory).
2. Type "LOAD RUN.COUNTER".
3. Type "&STORE" to hide the program.
4. Load the Applesoft program that you want to use with RUN.COUNTER.
5. Make sure your program has no program lines numbered lower than 9.
6. Type "&RECALL" to append the two programs.
7. Change the value of P$ in line 1 to the name of your program. For
example: 1 P$="MY.FILE"
8. Re-save your program using the name in line 1.
Your program is now ready to use. Every time it is Run, the program
name will be printed on the screen with the Run number and last used
date. After you enter today's date, the Rem in line zero will be
updated and the program will be re-saved under the name defined by P$.
To prevent the Run number from printing, delete program line 4. To
prevent the date from printing, delete line 5.

SAVE.40 and SAVE.80
These programs let you save 40-and 80-column text screens on disk. You
may view the saved screens by typing a hyphen followed by the name of
the saved screen. 80column files are compatible with those created by CRT.WRITER.

USING SAVE.40
I. Bload SAVE.40
2. CALL 20134
USING SAVE.80
I. Bload SAVE.80
2. CALL 20010
After the CALL, the screen will be copied to a buffer on hi-res page
2, and you will be asked for a file name (a legal ProDOS pathname,
which may include slot and drive). The screen will then be saved. To
prevent your typed message from being saved, you should always save
screens from within your programs. For example:

10 PRINT CHR$(4)"BLOAD SAVE.80"
20 FOR I=1 TO 20: PRINT "STUFF ALL OVER THE 80-COLUMN SCREEN.": NEXT
30 CALL 20010 : REM SAVE SCREEN
40 REM CONTINUE WITH PROGRAM

Now that you've saved a screen or two, type "HOME" and then
"-filename" (substitute your saved screen's name for "filename").
Loading an 80-column screen automatically switches to 80-column
display. Try this miniexample:
1 PRINT CHR$(4)"-FILE.NAME" : REM USE THE APPROPRIATE FILENAME
2 HOME : GET X$ : CALL 20366 : REM USE CALL 20416 FOR 40-COLUMNS
3 GET X$ : GOTO 2 : REM PRESS CONTROL-RESET WHEN YOU GET BORED
The CALL in line 2 keeps recopying the screen from its buffer.

PRODOS COMMAND SUMMARY
(Deleted. See other references for this information)

MEMORY USAGE
Most of the BIG U AMPER and COMMAND programs take away some
programming memory by moving HIMEM down and installing themselves
above the ProDOS buffers. The following list shows how much memory is
used by each program:
One-pagers (256 bytes): APPENDER, DUMP.40, DUMP.80, EST, ONLINE and
SUPER.POKE.
Two-pagers (512 bytes): ANYCAT, COPY, COPY.ONE, DUMP, HEX, INPUT.40,
INPUT.80, REMOVE, REM.OVE.128, SEE, SHOW and SHOW.WIPE.
Four-pager (1024 bytes): MON
Five-pager (1280 bytes): XLISTER

PAGE 3 USAGE
Page 3 is the memory from $300 to $3FF (768.1023 decimal). ProDOS
reserves everything from $3D0 on, leaving 208 bytes free for
programmers. Here's how BIG U divides it up:
Program Hex Decimal
CAT.STEPPER 300.34A 768.842
CAT.DATER 34B.35D 843.861
CAT.FIXER 35E.375 862.885
Unused Memory 376.3B0 886.944
KEYCAT (Reset Versian) 3B1.3CF 945.975
PRODOS 3D0.3FF 976.1023

INDEX
(Deleted due to the page numbers no longer making sense.)
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